Meditations

Notebook


Private philosophical notes written in Greek by the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars in the 170s CE. Never intended for publication, the notes are exercises in Stoic self-discipline on duty, mortality, and the proper use of reason in the face of a short and tumultuous life. It is the most widely read work of ancient Stoicism and one of the rare surviving glimpses into the inner life of an ancient ruler.

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